수출입 법적 체계와 표준

국제 규범 및 표준

WTO, WCO, CISG, 인코텀즈, UCP 600, ISPM 15, ISO 경영시스템 및 강구조·용접·방식 표준 – 개요, 기업에 대한 의미, 공식 링크 및 PDF(게시 허용 시).

International trade law (WTO) (6)

WTO / GATT 1994WTO

Marrakesh Agreement establishing the WTO and GATT 1994

Foundation of the multilateral trading system: most-favoured-nation treatment, national treatment, tariff bindings, transparency, exceptions and dispute settlement.

WTO TFAWTO

Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA)

Commitments to simplify and publish import/export procedures: advance rulings, single window, authorised operators, release before final duty determination, risk management. In fo…

WTO Customs ValuationWTO

Customs Valuation Agreement (GATT Art. VII)

Six valuation methods with transaction value first; additions and deductions (royalties, assists, freight, insurance…).

WTO Rules of OriginWTO

Agreement on Rules of Origin

General principles for non-preferential rules of origin; preferential origin is set by each FTA.

WTO TBT & SPSWTO

Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) and Sanitary & Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreements

Rules on standards, technical regulations, conformity assessment, food-safety and phytosanitary measures – transparent, non-discriminatory, based on international standards.

WTO ADA / SCM / SafeguardsWTO

Anti-Dumping, Subsidies (SCM) and Safeguards Agreements

Conditions and procedures for anti-dumping duties, countervailing duties and safeguard measures.

Customs & trade facilitation (WCO) (3)

HS ConventionWCO

International Convention on the Harmonized System (HS)

Common 6-digit nomenclature with six General Interpretative Rules and section/chapter notes, amended periodically (HS 2022 in force).

Revised Kyoto ConventionWCO

Revised Kyoto Convention on simplification and harmonisation of customs procedures

Standards for modern customs: electronic declarations, risk management, post-clearance audit, temporary admission, bonded warehouses, processing regimes…

WCO SAFE FrameworkWCO

SAFE Framework of Standards to secure and facilitate global trade

Standards for advance cargo information, risk management, Authorised Economic Operator (AEO) programmes and mutual recognition.

Contracts, payment & delivery terms (3)

CISG 1980UNCITRAL

UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)

Rules on contract formation, obligations of seller and buyer, passing of risk, fundamental breach and damages in international sales.

Incoterms® 2020ICC

Incoterms® 2020 rules

Eleven rules (EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAP, DPU, DDP; FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF) allocating costs, risks and formalities between seller and buyer.

UCP 600ICC

Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP 600)

Rules for letters of credit: bank obligations, document examination, transport and insurance documents, presentation periods.

Transport, packaging & supply-chain security (4)

ISPM 15IPPC / FAO

ISPM 15 – Regulation of wood packaging material in international trade

Pallets, crates and dunnage must be treated (heat treatment or approved fumigation) and marked with the IPPC mark before export.

SOLAS VGMIMO

SOLAS – Verified Gross Mass of containers (VGM)

Shippers must verify the gross mass of packed containers before loading (in force since 1 July 2016).

CTU CodeIMO / ILO / UNECE

IMO/ILO/UNECE Code of Practice for Packing of Cargo Transport Units (CTU Code)

Guidance on securing, load distribution and safe packing in containers, flat racks and trucks.

ISO 28000ISO

ISO 28000 – Security management systems for the supply chain

Requirements for managing security risks in the supply chain; supports AEO programmes.

Management systems (ISO) (3)

ISO 9001:2015ISO

ISO 9001:2015 – Quality management systems

Requirements for a quality management system based on the process approach and risk-based thinking.

ISO 14001:2015ISO

ISO 14001:2015 – Environmental management systems

Requirements for managing environmental aspects, compliance and continual improvement.

ISO 45001:2018ISO

ISO 45001:2018 – Occupational health and safety management systems

Requirements for occupational health and safety, hazard identification and risk control.

Steel structures, welding & corrosion protection (5)

ISO 3834-2ISO